small shotty retroperitoneal lymph nodes

Chemotherapy probably can be safely received during the second and third trimesters, but radiotherapy should be avoided late in pregnancy owing to the close proximity of the pregnant uterus to the lower border of the treatment field. Exposure of the developing fetus to teratogens should be avoided whenever possible, but delaying treatment may be deleterious to the mother. 3Īlthough prognosis does not appear to be adversely affected, pregnancy imposes significant limitations on HL management. No metastases to the placenta or the fetus were described.

Furthermore, infants born from this cohort of pregnant women did not show worse perinatal outcome. A case-controlled study of 48 cases of pregnancy-associated HL, however, showed a 20-year survival rate that was similar to that of matched controls. 2ĭuring the last decade, it was thought that pregnancy worsened HL prognosis. Survival rates are lowest for patients who do not respond to first-line therapy and who have signs of disease progression, or those who relapse within a year of treatment. Patients who survive for at least 15 years after treatment are more likely to later die from other causes than from HL. With advances in treatment, recent studies have indicated that even patients with advanced HL have 5-year survival rates of 90%. Five-year survival rates for patients diagnosed with HL stages I or II are 90–95%.

Unlike other cancers, HL is potentially curable even in late stages.

HL is considered one of the most curable forms of cancer, especially if diagnosed and treated early. HL during pregnancy has a reported incidence ranging from 1 per 1,000 to 1 per 6,000 deliveries. Although HL has a relatively high incidence in women of reproductive age, HL in pregnancy is still uncommon, corresponding to 3.2% of all patients with HL. Lymphoma is the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy during pregnancy, and the most common type of lymphoma in pregnant women is Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Clinical Advances in Hematology & OncologyġHematology Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain 2Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, 3ERESA Nuclear Medicine Department, CT and MR Unit, Consorcio Hospital General, Universitario de Valencia, Spain

Small shotty retroperitoneal lymph nodes